Direct Answer
What are the five limbs of today's Panchang?
The five limbs of Panchang are Tithi (lunar day), Nakshatra (lunar mansion), Yoga (soli-lunar sum), Karana (half tithi), and Vara (solar weekday), calculated from topocentric coordinates.
Authority Standard: Drik Ganita Astronomical Ephemeris
Client-Calibrated Live Astronomy: The five limbs below are dynamically recalculated in client memory for 50+ global cities using topocentric coordinates and Chitrapaksha Lahiri Ayanamsha.
The Five Limbs of the Daily Vedic Calendar
Panchang (पञ्चाङ्ग = पञ्च + अङ्ग) consists of five fundamental astronomical limbs derived from the positions of the Sun and Moon calculated via Drik Ganita (IAU VSOP87 planetary ephemerides with Chitrapaksha Lahiri Ayanamsha):
1. Tithi (तिथि): Lunar Day (12° lunar-solar elongation). Governs religious fasts and ceremonies.
2. Nakshatra (नक्षत्र): Lunar Mansion (13°20' sector of the ecliptic, 27 total). Governs mind and emotional tendencies.
3. Yoga (योग): Soli-Lunar Angular Sum (Sun longitude + Moon longitude in 13°20' increments, 27 total). Governs health and harmony.
4. Karana (करण): Half-Tithi (6° arc, 60 per month: 7 movable + 4 fixed). Governs outcome of daily actions.
5. Vara (वार): Solar Weekday ruled by the seven classical Grahas (Ravivara to Shanivara).